Kidney stones disease is a common ailment faced by adults and kids alike. The prevalence of the ailment is worldwide with a high rate of recurrence. The comprehensive renal stone treatment requires dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, and medical management to help patients with the recurrent disorder find complete relief. One must remember that the medical treatment of kidney stones should be conducted with appropriate individualization as the cause and types of kidney stones may differ between individuals.
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What Causes Kidney stones?
Kidney stones are caused when the urine contains more crystalline substance than it can dilute, which are namely calcium salts, uric acid, cysteine, and struvite. Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are the most common type of kidney stones, followed by uric acid stones and cysteine, struvite in with rarer occurrences.
Various Treatments of Kidney Stones:
Dietary and Fluid Management:
In most cases, patients with non-obstructive urinary problems are prescribed with dietary restrictions and increase in their fluid intake to help assist the natural passage of the stones. In some cases, treatment of kidney stones includes dietary management along medical assistance. Fluid intake and dietary changes are vital in preventing recurrence of kidney stones.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL surgery):
Patients with very large stone that cannot be broken with lithotripsy may require the surgical treatment for kidney stones, known as percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
PCNL surgery procedure is an alternative to a Ureteroscopy. In a PCNL urology procedure, the urologist makes a one-centimeter incision in the back or side of the abdomen. A nephroscope is inserted through the incision to the location along with instruments, which are used to extract the stones.
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With the PCNL surgery procedure, small stone is removed manually, however, if the stone too large for extraction, they would need to be broken up with SWL, or other techniques before they can be extracted (known as PCNL with laser lithotripsy). A tube may be inserted into the kidney for drainage after the extraction.
One must remember, to effectively manage and cure renal stone and avoid their recurrence, one needs to seek individualized treatment. Which includes a thorough study of clinical presentation, detailed medical history, and diagnostic tests, to help the urologist identify the correct surgical or medical action to deal with renal stones.
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